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In literary analysis, the term designates a character whose qualities contrast with those of another character, typically the protagonist. This contrast serves to highlight particular traits of the other character. For instance, a cautious and reserved character might be positioned alongside a reckless and impulsive one, thereby accentuating the protagonist’s careful nature or, conversely, their lack of courage. The purpose is not merely to present opposing personalities but to illuminate specific attributes through juxtaposition. A classic example is found in Shakespeare’s Hamlet, where Laertes’s direct and decisive actions concerning his father’s death stand in contrast to Hamlet’s more contemplative and hesitant approach to avenging his own father.

Employing this literary device enriches narrative depth and complexity. By showcasing differences in character, it allows for a more nuanced understanding of motivations and behaviors. The device can underscore themes, enhance dramatic tension, and even influence audience perception. Its use is widespread across literary genres and historical periods, demonstrating its enduring value in shaping character development and thematic exploration. Understanding this concept provides readers with a valuable tool for interpreting character relationships and deciphering underlying meanings within a text.

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