Estimating the death toll attributable to the Mongol conquests under Genghis Khan remains a complex and contentious historical issue. Reliable demographic data from the 13th and 14th centuries are scarce, making precise figures impossible to obtain. Historians rely on fragmented records, archaeological evidence, and comparative analysis to generate estimates.
The Mongol expansion significantly impacted the populations of conquered territories across Asia and Eastern Europe. Warfare, siege tactics, deliberate destruction of infrastructure, famine, and disease all contributed to substantial population declines. The long-term consequences included demographic shifts, economic disruption, and societal upheaval in the affected regions. Establishing the exact human cost is crucial for understanding the magnitude and ramifications of this period in world history.
